【摘要】郑州新东方首发！来自国内部冯基雨老师的考研英语一、英语二翻译解析来咯！2018年考研英语翻译解析来袭！

英语一翻译解析

(46)By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama， and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.

[题目考点] 并列结构

[重点词汇] by the date of … 截止到…之时  incentive   刺激      witness 见证     religious宗教的    drama戏剧

[句子结构]第46题整体句子结构并不复杂，是一个由and连接的并列句。主干分别为：…Europe was witnessing the passing … and the creation …；句中出现了4个the A of B结构，按照之前课上讲的，翻译成B的A即可，under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy 介词短语，翻译的时候不能顺译，调序到后半句句首。注意by the date of 意思是截止到...时候，不要翻译成“在他出生之后”,

[参考译文]他出生的时候，欧洲见证了宗教戏剧的日渐衰落，也见证了在经典悲剧及喜剧的激发下，新的戏剧形式的诞生。

(47) No boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.

[题目考点]定语从句;宾语从句;并列结构

[句子结构]主句主干：no boy could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature。who引导的定从修饰boy，调到boy前翻译， 跟在形容词后的从句为宾从，所以ignorant后为宾语从句，顺译即可，which引导的定语从句修饰a form of literature， gave glory…and might bring honor…为定从里的并列结构，整个定从过长，可以采取一分为二的译法。另外这个句子boy 最好不要硬翻成男孩，可以引申为学生，No boy…ignorant  没有学生不明白，可以正译为“任何学生都明白”。

[重点词汇]grammar school 文法学校 ignorant忽视 literature文学 glory 荣耀

[参考译文]任何在文法学校就读的学生都知道戏剧是一种文学形式，它曾为希腊和罗马带来荣耀，可能也会给英格兰带来殊荣。

(48) But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters， and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood。

[题目考点]并列句

[句子结构]并列句主干分别为：…companies prospered … and university men …were quick to…，“in their permanent theaters”介词短语，调序至动词前，“with literary ambitions” 位于主谓之间，起形容词作用形容men，翻译到men之前，turn to 转向／投身.   在翻译的时候切勿机械的字对字翻译，一定考虑句子是否通顺，如最后半句，若译为“作为提供一种生计的手段”则不通顺，可以意译为“以此维持生计”。

[重点词汇]professional 专业的 prosper繁荣 permanent theater永久性剧院

livelihood  生计

[参考译文]但是专业的公司在永久性剧院蓬勃发展起来，于是大学里一些有文学抱负的人迅速投身于这些剧院，以此维持生计。

(49) A native literary drama had been created， its alliance with the public playhouses established， and at least some of its great traditions had been begun。

[题目考点]并列结构，被动语态

[句子结构]本句是一个由and连接的并列句。and前的句子主干为一个被动语态的简单句：a … drama had been created，its alliance with the public playhouses established 为插入语; and后的句子也为一个被动语态的简单句：some of its great traditions had been begun。

[重点词汇]alliance作为名词意为“联盟，联合;联姻”，常与介词with进行搭配使用。playhouse剧院；establish作为动词意为“建立，创办”，也可引申为“诞生”。at least为固定搭配，表示“至少”。tradition作为名词表示“传统，惯例”。

[参考译文]一种本土文学戏剧形式诞生了，它与公共剧院联盟，而且至少，它的一些优良传统已经初具雏形（开始形成）。

(50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity， we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost， and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived。

[题目考点]宾语从句，定语从句

[句子结构]本句结构较为复杂，主句部分为“we must remember that…and that”，两个that分别引导了两个remember的宾语从句，其中第二个宾语从句中，有一个whose引导的定语从句，修饰author of note。

[重点词汇]realize作为动词表示“实现，了解，认识到”。dramatic为drama的形容词形式，意思为“戏剧的，引人注目的，激动人心的”。survive作为动词表示“幸存，活下来;比…活得长”。hosts of表示“大量的”。

[参考译文]为了了解戏剧性活动有多么伟大，我们必须牢记大量的戏剧已经无迹可寻，可能世上并无一位知名作家的作品被完全保存下来。

英语二翻译解析

A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.

That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful  people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading materials have changed from science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.

难点词汇

assignment  作业／任务

select  选择

a list of occupation  职业清单

tick  勾选

astronaut  宇航员

be convinced    确信

encyclopedia  百科全书

science fiction novel  科幻小说

passionate  充满激情的

institute   开始实行

reference book   工具书

reveal   揭露

nonfiction book   非小说类丛书

avenue   大道

解析

本篇文章整体难度不大，基本和2017年持平。通篇简单句为主，出现了几个宾从和状从，没有出现定语从句，基本还是按照顺译的原则，介词短语出现时要调序，注意表达通顺。grade年级，grader 加了“r”翻译为“…的人” ；so …that 如此...以至于...

参考译文

一个五年级的学生收到了一份家庭作业，作业的内容是从一份职业清单中选出自己未来会从事的职业。他首先勾选了“宇航员”，但是随后又加上并勾选了“科学家”。小男孩相信，如果他读的书足够多，自己也就足够有能力探寻他所喜欢的任何职业。所以从百科全书到科幻小说，他无一不涉猎。由于对读书太过痴迷，他的父母不得不在餐桌上设立了“禁止读书”的规定。

这个男孩就是比尔盖茨，至今他仍未停止阅读，即使已经成为世上最成功的人士之一。如今，他读书的范围已经不局限于科幻作品和工具书了；最近，他透漏自己一年至少阅读50本非小说书籍，之所以读小说之外的作品，是因为这些书揭秘了世界的运转方式。比尔盖茨说：“每一本书都开辟了通往知识的新路径（书本就是道路，引领我们进入知识的海洋）。”